*''[[Star Wars: The Complete Visual Dictionary]]'' <!-- September 2007 -->
*''[[Star Wars: A Pop-Up Guide to the Galaxy]]'' <!-- October 2007 -->
*[[Jedi vs. Sith: The Essential Guide to the Force (real-life book)|''Jedi vs. Sith: The Essential Guide to the Force'']] <!-- November 2007 -->
*[[Starships of the Galaxy (Saga Edition)|''Starships of the Galaxy'']] <!-- December 2007 -->
*''[[Galaxy Tiles]]'' <!-- January 2008 -->
*''[[Threats of the Galaxy]]'' <!-- May 2008 -->
*''[[Star Wars Blueprints: The Ultimate Collection]]'' <!-- August 2008 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=kids/read/cwspotter20080822.html?page=1|text=Checklist: 10 Things to Spot in ''The Clone Wars''|archivedate=20080826050315}} <!-- August 2008 -->
*{{SWGTCG|set=Champions of the Force (SWGTCG)|cardname=In the Crosshairs}} <!-- August 2008 -->
*''[[The Force Unleashed Campaign Guide]]'' <!-- September 2008 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode001.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: Ambush|archivedate=20110712020231}} <!-- October 2008 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode005.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: Rookies|archivedate=20110903084330}} <!-- October 2008 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode006.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: Downfall of a Droid|archivedate=20110711104945}} <!-- November 2008 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode007.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: Duel of the Droids|archivedate=20110629042554}} <!-- November 2008 -->
*[[Scum and Villainy (sourcebook)|''Scum and Villainy'']] <!-- November 2008 -->
*''[[The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia]]'' <!-- December 2008 -->
*''[[The Clone Wars Campaign Guide]]'' <!-- January 2009 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode014.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: Defenders of Peace|archivedate=20110717064732}} <!-- January 2009 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode016.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: The Hidden Enemy|archivedate=20110807053657}} <!-- February 2009 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode018.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: Mystery of a Thousand Moons|archivedate=20110808084109}} <!-- February 2009 -->
*{{Topps|set=2009 Topps Star Wars Galaxy Series 4|cardname=Unscheduled Cargo Drop}} <!-- February 2009 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode020.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: Innocents of Ryloth|archivedate=20110809030659}} <!-- March 2009 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode021.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: Liberty on Ryloth|archivedate=20110717065909}} <!-- March 2009 -->
*''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars – The Official Episode Guide: Season 1]]'' <!-- October 29. 2009 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/guide/episode205.html|text=''The Clone Wars'' Episode Guide: Landing at Point Rain|archivedate=20110621114454}} <!-- November 2009 -->
*''[[Scavenger's Guide to Droids]]'' <!-- November 2009 -->
*{{SWArchive|url=theclonewars/news20100121ads/index.html|text=Coruscant Billboard from ''The Clone Wars''|archivedate=20100211001635}} <!--January 2010 -->
*''[[Galaxy of Intrigue]]'' <!--January 2010 -->
*{{Hyperspace|url=fans/hyperspace/source/writtenword/index.html?page=7|text=The Written Word|int=The Written Word}}<!--March 2010 -->
*{{FFGTCG|set=Lure of the Dark Side|cardname=Shifty Lookout}} <!--April 18. 2014-->
*''[[Star Wars: Age of Rebellion Beginner Game]]'' <!--April 2014-->
*{{SW|url=news/take-me-out-to-the-ballgame-sports-in-the-star-wars-galaxy-part-2|int=Sports in the Star Wars Galaxy|text=Take Me Out to the Ball Game: Sports in the ''Star Wars'' Galaxy, Part 2}} {{Po}} <!--June 2014-->
*[[Star Wars: Age of Rebellion Core Rulebook|''Star Wars: Age of Rebellion'' Core Rulebook]] <!--July 1. 2014-->
*''[[Star Wars: Age of Rebellion: Game Master's Kit]]'' <!--July 1. 2014-->
*''[[Far Horizons]]'' {{Po}} <!--August 2014-->
*''[[Star Wars: Imperial Handbook: A Commander's Guide]]'' <!--October 2014-->
*''[[Mask of the Pirate Queen]]'' <!--November 19. 2015-->
Aurebesh was thought to have been derived from the writing system of the RakatanInfinite Empire, introduced to the galaxy at large during that Empire's reign. It spread during the Alsakan Conflicts approximately 17,000years before the Battle of Yavin.[3] However, already by 25,793 BBY, Aurebesh was used by the inhabitants of the Settled Worlds, prior to their first contact with the Rakata. When contact was made, the Rakatan Aurebesh was apparently identical to that used in the Settled Worlds.[4][5]
Generally, Aurebesh was considered to be for the common folk, whereas the High Galactic alphabet was associated with snobbery.[6]
Luke Skywalker learned to read Aurebesh by the time he was four years old, from a set of old educational datatapes given to him by his aunt Beru.[7]
Aurebesh was extraordinarily common throughout the galaxy. Clone troopers used it to mark their LAAT gunships such as Lucky Lekku and Spaceward Ho!, both of which had their names painted on their sides,[8][9], or the Crumb Bomber, which "Laugh this off" was inscribed on.[10] Private starships also sometimes bore their names in Aurebesh, including the freighterTecora.[11]
The clone trooper Sketch had a letter senth tattooed across his brow.[20]Kix[21][16] and the owner of Plop Dribble's also had Aurebesh tattoos.[22] Similarly, the trooper Ponds wrote "some guys have all the luck" on his armor.[23] Some time after his death, Fives and Echo both added decals to their armor that read "Hevy."[24]
The electro-proton bomb, attached to Goji and Rod'sbomber and dropped during the Battle of Malastare had a warning printed on the nose cone that read "CAUTION ION DETONATOR." The body of the bomb had "CODE SWITCH DESIGNATOR" • "POSITION 1" • "POSITION 2" • "POSITION 3" • "POSITION 4" printed on it and on one of the tail fins, the words "THIS IS FOR YOU DOOKU" were handwritten.[25]
At Hondo Ohnaka's camp on Florrum, a huge piece of superstructure read "HONDO'S SALVAGE" – "PRICES SLASHED" stenciled on it in Aurebesh.[30] Meanwhile, around the time of the Bombing of the Jedi Temple Hangar, protesters carried Aurebesh signs that read "THE JEDI ARE CORRUPT" and "STOP CLONING VIOLENCE!".[31]
Features
Aurebesh implemented consonants, vowels, digraphs, and punctuation marks. Words were separated by spaces. Aurebesh could be written mainly left-to-right or up-to-down. All letters are the same relative size, although occasionally symbols were mirror-inverted to denote capital letters. The symbol for the RepublicCredit was a Resh (R for Republic) with two vertical lines through the upper half of the symbol. Letters of the alphabet were also used to denote musical keys, such as the key of Cresh.
While the Aurebesh had several glyphs that corresponded to digraphs in the High Galactic alphabet, they were frequently disregarded. For example, the sound "oo,"[32] that was properly noted using Orenth, was frequently spelled with a double Osk.[33] Similarly, the letter Thesh was often replaced by a combination of Trill and Herf.[34] Such was also the case for Cherek and Shen, often written respectively with combinations of Cresh and Herf and Senth and Herf.[35]
The Aurebesh-like writing that appears in the original trilogy is totally random and it is believed that the filmmakers did not intend to write any meaningful text with it. The letters were first assigned Roman equivalents by Stephen Crane at West End Games in the Star Wars Miniatures Battles Companion (1994), for use with the Star Wars Miniatures Battles game and Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game. The Aurebesh was later expanded to include punctuation marks in the Star Wars Miniatures Battles supplement, Imperial Entanglements (1996).
This original Aurebesh is occasionally used in electronic and board games such as Star Wars Monopoly. Since the letters in the movies are random, the assignment of the West End Games values to the inscriptions of the movies produces nonsensical results—most words seen in the movies appear to consist solely of consonants, and some letters appear on screen that are absent from the West End Games Aurebesh.
In the 2004 DVD release of A New Hope, and the Blu-ray version, the words displaying information as Obi-Wan Kenobi deactivates the tractor beam on the Death Star, which were written using the Roman alphabet in previous releases, are now in the Aurebesh. Aurebesh can also be seen in the prequel trilogy.
Origin
The word "Aurebesh" was developed in a manner similar to the word alphabet, which is derived from the first two letters of the Phoenician/Greek alphabet (alpha and beta).
In-universe sources show Arabic numbers; however, one of the fan-made fonts (discussed below) presents a numerical system based on dots and lines.
In many instances, the sounds "ch," "sh," and "th" are written using Aurebesh exactly as they would be in English (cresh-herf, senth-herf, and trill-herf, respectively), despite separate letters existing in Aurebesh for those sounds (cherek, shen, and thesh, respectively). While it is possible that these instances represent legitimate in-universe variations of the sound-values for the letters in question, it is more likely that they represent errors on the part of the real-world transliterators (who are understandably more used to employing digraphs than employing single letters to write these sounds).