View source for George Lucas

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{{Person
|image=[[File:Lucas.jpg]]
|name=George Lucas
|birth=[[May 14]], [[1940s|1944]]<br />[[Wikipedia:Modesto, California|Modesto, California]], USA<ref name="Archives">''[[The Star Wars Archives: Episodes IV–VI, 1977–1983]]''</ref>
|death=
|nationality=[[Wikipedia:Americans|American]]
|occupation=[[Wikipedia:Filmmaking|Filmmaker]]
|companies=[[Lucasfilm Ltd.]]
|website=}}
{{Quote|The movie's in there&mdash;it's in the marble. I'm just the sculptor setting it free.|George Lucas|<ref name="Making of ROTS">''[[The Making of Star Wars Revenge of the Sith]]''</ref>}}
'''George Walton Lucas, Jr.''' (born [[May 14]], [[1940s|1944]]) is an [[Wikipedia:Americans|American]] [[Wikipedia:Filmmaking|filmmaker]]. The creator of ''[[Star Wars]]'', he executive-produced its [[original trilogy|first six]] [[prequel trilogy|films]]. Close friends with fellow filmmakers [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Wikipedia:Francis Ford Coppola|Francis Ford Coppola]], George Lucas worked on the [[Wikipedia:Indiana Jones|''Indiana Jones'']] franchise with Spielberg after meeting him through his own directoral debut, [[Wikipedia:THX 1138|''THX 1138'']], and the films [[Wikipedia:The Rain People|''The Rain People'']] and [[Wikipedia:Apocalypse Now|''Apocalypse Now'']], directed by Coppola. With the latter's backing, Lucas made [[Wikipedia:American Graffiti|''American Graffiti'']], and subsequently relied on its success to create [[Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope|''Star Wars'']]. Although it suffered significant setbacks and failed to achieve what Lucas wanted, the film was an immense success. George Lucas thus continued to tell his mythology, producing the [[Star Wars: Episode VI Return of the Jedi|third]] [[Star Wars saga|saga]] film in [[1983]].

However, Lucas was then divorced by his wife, [[Marcia Lucas|Marcia]], and was left with a [[Amanda Lucas|three-year-old daughter]]. Lucas thus decided to prioritize raising his family, leaving his company, [[Lucasfilm Ltd.]], to manage the popular ''Star Wars'' franchise. In the 1980s, filming technology developed under Lucasfilm's [[Industrial Light & Magic]] division, whose employee [[John Knoll]] co-created [[Wikipedia:Photoshop|Photoshop]] and whose computer division spawned [[Wikipedia:EditDroid|EditDroid]] and [[Wikipedia:Avid Technology|Avid]] and developed into [[Wikipedia:Pixar|Pixar]]. George Lucas also became close acquaintances with mythologist [[Wikipedia:Joseph Campbell|Joseph Campbell]], often speaking with his "[[Yoda]]" at [[Skywalker Ranch]] up until Campbell's death. In the 1990s, Lucas resumed active participation in the film industry, working on [[Wikipedia:The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles|''The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles'']] and joining fellow film directors such as [[Wikipedia:Martin Scorsese|Martin Scorsese]], [[Wikipedia:Woody Allen|Woody Allen]], [[Wikipedia:Clint Eastwood|Clint Eastwood]], and [[Wikipedia:Stanley Kubrick|Stanley Kubrick]] alongside Spielberg, and Coppola on [[Wikipedia:The Film Foundation|the Film Foundation's]] board of directors.<ref name="TFF">{{Cite_web|url=http://www.film-foundation.org/filmmakers-announce-new-film-foundation-for-film-preservation|title=PRESS RELEASE: FILMMAKERS ANNOUNCE NEW FILM FOUNDATION FOR FILM PRESERVATION|date=1990-05-01|work=[[Wikipedia:The Film Foundation|The Film Foundation]]|archivedate=20160409173638}}</ref> Lucas also founded [[Wikipedia:Edutopia|Edutopia]], an education organization, and continued to push the boundaries of filmmaking technology to create the [[The Star Wars Trilogy Special Edition|Special Editions]]. Faced with a decision to either go back to directing films that are more pure cinema and more visually-oriented and possibly never return to ''Star Wars'', or to finish ''Star Wars'' by telling the backstory, which was never intended to be done, was not written as a movie, and yet was now a feasible project with new technology. From the late 1990s to [[2005]], Lucas returned with much of the film crew from ''The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles'' to complete the ''Star Wars'' saga with the prequel trilogy, where he would be able to tell the story of [[Anakin Skywalker|Darth Vader]], as intended at first with the original trilogy, without any frustrations with technology.

After working on ''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]'' television series with [[Dave Filoni]], George Lucas desired to return to experimental films, and sold Lucasfilm to [[The Walt Disney Company]] in [[2012]] to prevent risking the company's financial standing and the livelihoods of his employees. Following his remarriage and having another daughter in [[2013]],<ref name="Huff">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/everest-hobson-lucas_n_3742950|title=Everest Hobson Lucas Born To George Lucas And Mellody Hobson|date=2013-08-12|work=[[Wikipedia:HuffPost|''HuffPost'']]|archivedate=20200807031926}}</ref> Lucas spearheaded the development of the [[Wikipedia:Lucas Museum of Narrative Art|Lucas Museum of Narrative Art]], which is being constructed in [[Wikipedia:Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]].<ref name="SW.com SDCC">{{SW|url=news/sdcc-lucas-museum-of-narrative-art-panel|text=At SDCC, Go Behind the Scenes of the Lucas Museum of Narrative Art}}</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
George Walton Lucas Jr. was born in [[Wikipedia:Modesto, California|Modesto, California]] to George Walton Lucas, Sr. (1913&ndash;1991) and Dorothy Bomberger Lucas on [[May 14]], [[1940s#1944|1944]].<ref name="Archives" /> His father was mainly of British and [[Wikipedia:Swiss (people)|Swiss]]-[[Wikipedia:Germans|German]] heritage, and his mother was a member of a prominent Modesto family (one of her cousins is the mother of former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and director of UNICEF Ann Veneman) and was mainly of German and [[Wikipedia:Scottish people|Scots]]-[[Wikipedia:Irish people|Irish]] heritage.

===''American Zoetrope'' and ''Star Wars''===
{{Quote|I thought it was too wacky for the general public.|George Lucas on ''Star Wars''|<ref name="Time quote">{{Cite_web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C985896%2C00.html|title=THE FORCE IS BACK|author=Handy, Bruce|date=1997-02-10|work=[[Wikipedia:Time (magazine)|''Time'']]|archivedate=20070613023502}}</ref>}}
[[File:LucasPanavision-MOSW.png|thumb|300px|George Lucas on the set of ''A New Hope'']]
Lucas co-founded the studio [[Wikipedia:American Zoetrope|American Zoetrope]] with [[Wikipedia:Francis Ford Coppola|Francis Ford Coppola]]&mdash;whom he met during his internship at Warner Brothers&mdash;hoping to create a liberating environment for filmmakers to direct outside the perceived oppressive control of the [[Wikipedia:Hollywood|Hollywood]] [[Wikipedia:Studio system|studio system]]. Following the success of ''American Graffiti'', Lucas proposed a new [[Wikipedia:Flas Gordon|''Flash Gordon'']] film adaptation, but the rights were not available. Under the American Zoetrope banner Lucas developed [[Wikipedia:Apocolypse Now|''Apocalypse Now'']] to direct following work on ''Star Wars''. As work on ''Star Wars'' dragged on, Coppola took over directing ''Apocalypse Now'', leading to the breakdown of the American Zoetrope partnership.

In [[1976]], Lucas published a novelization of ''A New Hope'', which was initially (like the film) titled just ''Star Wars''. Although Lucas was credited as author of the book, it was later revealed that the book was actually [[Wikipedia:ghostwriter|ghostwritten]] by [[Alan Dean Foster]], who would also write ''[[Splinter of the Mind's Eye]]'', the first original ''Star Wars'' novel and, in many respects, the first ''Star Wars'' sequel.

On a return-on-investment basis, ''Star Wars'' proved to be one of the most successful films of all time. During the filming of ''Star Wars'', Lucas waived his up-front fee as director and negotiated to own the licensing rights&mdash;rights which the studio thought were nearly worthless. This decision earned him hundreds of millions of dollars, as he was able to directly profit from all the licensed derived products created for the franchise. In 2006 [[Wikipedia:Forbes Magazine|''Forbes Magazine'']] estimated Lucas's personal wealth at U.S. $3.5 billion. In 2005 Forbes.com estimated the lifetime revenue generated by the ''Star Wars'' franchise at nearly $20 billion.

Some considered ''Star Wars'' to be the first "high concept" film, while others feel the first was [[Steven Spielberg]]'s [[Wikipedia:Jaws|''Jaws'']], released two years prior. In fact, Lucas and Spielberg had been acquaintances for some time and eventually worked together on several films, notably the first Indiana Jones, [[Wikipedia:Raiders of the Lost Ark|''Raiders of the Lost Ark'']], in [[1981]]. Along with Spielberg, Lucas is credited with (and even blamed for) establishing the [[Wikipedia:blockbuster movie|blockbuster]] approach to filmmaking.

[[File:Lucasindiana.jpg|thumb|right|200px|George Lucas (left) with his dog Indiana, who inspired [[Chewbacca]]]]
The [[Wikipedia:Directors Guild of America|Directors Guild of America]] fined Lucas for refusing to have a standard title sequence in his ''Star Wars'' films. After paying the fine, he quit the guild. This made it hard for him to find a director for some of his later projects. According to some, he wanted his friend Spielberg to direct some of the later ''Star Wars'' movies, but as a member of the guild Spielberg may have been unable to do so. Other directors Lucas pursued to aid him were [[Wikipedia:David Lynch|David Lynch]] and [[Wikipedia:David Cronenberg|David Cronenberg]], both of whom declined. While offered the role of director for what would become ''Return of the Jedi'', Lynch had no interest in directing ''Star Wars'', and urged Lucas to direct his own film.<ref name="Lynch">{{Youtube|video=EJQ4vCu-S0U|text=David Lynch Meets George Lucas|channel=channel/UCddKc3pzpVPLYdKf39ulrpQ|channelname=hudsonunionsociety|archivedate=20211119223219}}</ref>

===Return to ''Star Wars''===
On [[October 3]], [[1994]], Lucas started to write the three ''Star Wars'' [[Prequel trilogy|prequels]], and on [[November 1]] that year, he left the day-to-day operations of his filmmaking business and started a sabbatical to finish the prequels.

At some point, he wanted to produce a [[Star Wars: Underworld|TV series]] about ''Star Wars'', which would take place between episodes III and IV. Lucas purportedly also announced that he plans on making two additional ''Star Wars'' films that will take place after ''Return of the Jedi'', but this rumor was debunked at [[Celebration IV]] in Los Angeles, California, in May 2007. When [[Stephen J. Sansweet]], Director of Content Management and Head of Fan Relations at Lucasfilm, was asked about the proposed two films post&ndash;''Return of the Jedi'', he stated that it was a misunderstanding of what Lucas was explaining. According to Sansweet, Lucas was referring to the two ''Star Wars'' television projects then in production: ''Star Wars: Clone Wars'', which is a CG animated show that debuted October 3, 2008, and a yet-to-be-titled ''Star Wars'' live-action show that was set to premiere in 2009, the development status of which is currently uncertain.

===Semi-retirement===
Seeing that his personal projects, amongst them the film [[Wikipedia:Red Tails|''Red Tails'']], which had an all-black cast, costed Lucasfilm significant amounts of money, George Lucas decided to sell the company in order to negate the risk that his thousands of employees would become jobless. Thus, and having a history with The Walt Disney Company and its CEO, [[Wikipedia:Bob Iger|Bob Iger]], Lucasfilm was sold by Lucas as a Disney subsidiary.<ref name="Charlie Rose full">{{Youtube|video=6jWtbJxzGpQ|text=George Lucas Calls Disney "White Slavers" in Charlie Rose interview|channel=LaurentTouilTartour|channelname=Laurent Touil-Tartour|archivedate=20200622144215}}</ref>

After the Disney acquisition of Lucasfilm, the company's [[Lucasfilm Animation|animation department]] produced the film [[Wikipedia:Strange Magic (film)|''Strange Magic'']], which was released in early 2015. Based on a story developed by George Lucas for over fifteen years, ''Strange Magic'' was Lucas' feminine counterpart to ''Star Wars''.<ref>{{Cite_web|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/01/george-lucas-strange-magic|title=George Lucas on How His New Film Is Like Star Wars for Girls|author=Roper, Caitlin|partialdate=2015-01|work=[[Wikipedia:Wired (magazine)|''Wired'']]|archivedate=20200807200333}}</ref>

[[File:GeorgeLucas_sw20acm.jpg|thumb|left|200px|George Lucas, surrounded by the companies he built.]]
George Lucas provided story material for the seventh ''Star Wars'' saga film, which was released on [[December 18]], [[2015]], titled [[Star Wars: Episode VII The Force Awakens|''Star Wars'': Episode VII ''The Force Awakens'']]. Disney, however, ultimately chose not to use Lucas's story ideas in the final film.<ref name="Disney">{{Cite_web|url=https://collider.com/george-lucas-star-wars-7-new-trilogy-consulting-split|title='Star Wars': George Lucas Explains Why He and Disney Disagreed on New Trilogy|author=Goldberg, Matt|date=2015-11-20|work=[[Wikipedia:Collider (website)|''Collider'']]|archivedate=20151228192437}}</ref> In interviews regarding the matter, Lucas stated that Disney wanted to make something for the fans instead. George Lucas further said that most people did not know that ''Star Wars'' is a soap opera&mdash;a saga of family problems, not spaceships. Nevertheless, Lucas concluded by saying "fine&hellip;I'll go my way and I let them go their way."<ref name="Charlie Rose full" />

George Lucas directed a scene between [[Alden Ehrenreich]] and [[Emilia Clarke]] in the [[2018]] film ''[[Solo: A Star Wars Story]]'', which was directed by [[Ron Howard]].<ref name="Ew">{{Cite_web|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/02/09/ron-howard-solo-a-star-wars-story|title=Ron Howard: ''A Star Wars Story''|author=Breznican, Anthony|date=2018-02-09|work=''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''|archivedate=20200414012221}}</ref><ref name="Solo Collider">{{Cite_web|url=https://collider.com/han-solo-movie-george-lucas-star-wars-story|title='Solo: A Star Wars Story': How George Lucas Helped Shape a Scene Aboard the Falcon|author=Trumbore, Dave|date=2018-02-09|work=[[Wikipedia:Collider (website)|''Collider'']]|archivedate=20200105114010}}</ref> Lucas also directed a scene between Clarke and [[Wikipedia:Kit Harington|Kit Harington]] in the first episode of the television series [[Wikipedia:Game of Thrones (season 8)|''Game of Thrones''{{'s}} Season 8]], released in early [[2019]].<ref name="GOT">{{Youtube|video=DkdbetJTZGA|text=Game of Thrones &#124; Season 8 Episode 1 &#124; Game Revealed (HBO)|channel=UCQzdMyuz0Lf4zo4uGcEujFw|channelname=GameofThrones|archivedate=20201004071336}}</ref>

===Innovations in film===
{{Quote|Well, I would argue that the prequels are &mdash; and Lucas in general is &mdash; the bedrock that all of this is built on. He is the first person that had digital photography, he was the first person to do completely CG characters. The whole notion of not having even a print [version of the film], of having everything be 0's and 1's, was all George. Not to mention EditDroid, which turned into Avid, Pixar was spawned out of their laboratories at Lucasfilm, so he is arguably the center of the Big Bang for everything that I'm doing. It's building on the shoulders of what he was able to innovate.|[[Jon Favreau]]|<ref name="THR quote">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/jon-favreau-unveils-star-wars-series-mandalorian-marvel-plans-a-new-venture-1233239|title=Jon Favreau Unveils 'Star Wars' Series 'The Mandalorian,' Marvel Plans and a New Venture|author=Belloni, Matthew|date=2019-08-21|work=[[Wikipedia:The Hollywood Reporter|''The Hollywood Reporter'']]|archivedate=20220609055035}}</ref>}}
[[File:How_StarWars_Changed_the_World.jpg|thumb|250px|Promotional poster depicting "how George Lucas and Star Wars changed the world"]]
Besides his directorial and production work on movies, Lucas is one of the most significant contemporary contributors to modern movie technology. In [[1975]] Lucas established [[Industrial Light & Magic]] (ILM) in [[Wikipedia:Van Nuys, California|Van Nuys, California]], which was responsible for the invention of the special computer-assisted camera crane "[[Wikipedia:Dykstraflex|Dykstraflex]]" that was used for most of the space fight sequences in the ''Star Wars'' movies (technology which was later adopted by most other visual effects production units, such as those responsible for [[Wikipedia:Battlestar Galactica (1978)|''Battlestar Galactica'']] and [[Wikipedia:Star Trek: The Next Generation|''Star Trek: The Next Generation'']]). Through ILM, Lucas spurred the further development of computer graphics, [[Wikipedia:film laser scanner|film laser scanners]], and the earliest use of [[Wikipedia:3D computer graphics|3D computer character animation]] in a film, [[Wikipedia:Young Sherlock Holmes|''Young Sherlock Holmes'']]. Lucas sold his early computer development unit to [[Wikipedia:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]] in [[1988]], which was renamed [[Wikipedia:Pixar|Pixar]]. Lucas is also responsible for the modern [[Wikipedia:sound system|sound systems]] found in many movie theaters. Though Lucas didn't invent [[Wikipedia:THX|THX]], he is responsible for its development.

Lucas spearheaded digital photography for movies. Though personal [[Wikipedia:digital photography|digital photography]] is now mainstream, most movie studios still use traditional cameras and film for movie production. Lucas departed from this model by filming [[Star Wars: Episode II Attack of the Clones|''Star Wars'': Episode II ''Attack of the Clones'']] completely digitally. He showed the result to a select audience of the Hollywood elite, before the movie's general release. For the presentation, Lucas used a special digital projection system. The attendees said the movie had the clearest and sharpest presentation they had ever seen.

===Recognition===
Lucas was nominated for the [[Wikipedia:Academy Award for Directing|Best Directing]] and [[Wikipedia:Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay|Writing]] Academy Awards for ''Star Wars''.

The [[Wikipedia:American Film Institute|American Film Institute]] awarded Lucas its 2005 [[Wikipedia:AFI Life Achievement Award|Life Achievement Award]] on [[June 9]], [[2005]].<ref>{{Cite_web|url=http://www.afi.com/tvevents/laa/laa05.aspx|title=2005 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to George Lucas on USA Network|publisher=[[Wikipedia:American Film Institute|American Film Institute]]|partialdate=2005|archivedate=20050827011853}}</ref> This was shortly after the release of [[Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith|''Star Wars'': Episode III ''Revenge of the Sith'']], to which he jokingly made reference in his acceptance speech, stating that, since he views the entire ''Star Wars'' series as one movie, he could actually receive the award now that he had finally "gone back and finished the movie."

Today, Lucas is one of the American film industry's most financially successful [[Wikipedia:Independent film|independent]] directors/producers, with an estimated net worth of more than seven billion dollars.<ref name="NetWorth">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/george-lucas|title=George Lucas|date=2021-08-16|work=[[Wikipedia:Forbes|Forbes]]|archivedate=20210816124947}}</ref>

===Personal life===
In [[1960s|1969]], Lucas married film editor [[Marcia Lucas|Marcia Lou Griffin]], who went on to win an [[Wikipedia:Academy Awards|Oscar]] for her editing work on the ''Star Wars'': Episode IV ''A New Hope''. They adopted a daughter, [[Amanda Lucas|Amanda]] (b. [[1981]]), before divorcing in 1983. Lucas subsequently adopted two more children as a single parent: daughter [[Katie Lucas|Katie]] (b. [[1988]]) and son [[Jett Lucas|Jett]] (b. [[1993]]).

==Foundations of ''Star Wars''==
===Encapsulation of psychological motifs in mythology===
====Inspiration====
{{Quote|Many people feel that in the sort of contemplation of nature and in communication with other living things, they become aware of some kind of&hellip; force or ''something'' behind this apparent mask which we see in front of us, and they call it God or they&mdash;you know&mdash;depending on their particular disposition to the questioning&mdash;''"<br />"''You mean feelings or thoughts? Of some aspect of it?''"<br />"''Of some aspect of it. To me, it's not the same thing as a world full of human beings. There's something gone, there's something missing.''"<br />"''And then the people say 'Well this is good, let's have more of it.' Somebody walks up and you say 'Your number's 21-87 isn't it?' Boy does that person really smile.|Two men in the film ''21-87'', which inspired Lucas to make his films|<ref name="twentyone">[[Wikipedia:21-87|''21-87'']]</ref>}}
George Lucas said that he took social, political, and spiritual issues from the real world and encapsulated all such stories in one single story, ''Star Wars''.<ref name="Charlie Rose full" /> Addressing the universal question of "am I a good person" in the fundamental conflict between good and evil,<ref name="Bill Bradley">{{Cite_web|url=https://soundcloud.com/billbradley/american-voices-george-lucas-special|title=American Voices - George Lucas Special by Senator Bill Bradley|author=[[Wikipedia:Bill Bradley|Bradley, Bill]]|date=2015-11-15|work=[[Wikipedia:SoundCloud|SoundCloud]]|archivedate=20170315141932}}</ref> George Lucas' ''Star Wars'' encompassed the core of all religions and spiritual beliefs from all time and space in the real world, being an "easy to deal with" metaphor for what humanity's beliefs are. The Force in ''Star Wars'', an energy field that bound all life and reality together,<ref name="ESB">{{Film|V}}</ref> is the essence of all religions in the real world, and originates from the first beliefs of humankind&mdash;life force&mdash;which flows through rocks and animals and brings humans to worship them. As Lucas explains, the belief in the Force&mdash;in a thing that could explain the unknown that "has some kind of power over us ''[humans]'' and/or that we have power over it"&mdash;stems from the psychological needs of humans that have been put together to in order to form a society.<ref name="Charlie Rose full" />

Drawing from Lucas' interest<ref name="Charlie Rose SW Meaning">{{Youtube|video=-pbRGtWkHWg|text=George Lucas on the Meaning of "Star Wars" (Oct. 23, 2014) &#124; Charlie Rose|channel=UCwBUwaTxztTPuSzIi2cjimw|channelname=Charlie Rose|archivedate=20200615123317}}</ref> in the psychological motifs that underlie the beliefs of the old, which is also known as mythology<ref name="Charlie Rose full" /> or "psychological archaeology,"<ref name="Bill Bradley" /> as well as his interest in what connects all humans in their interpersonal relationships,<ref name="Charlie Rose full" /> ''Star Wars'' was constructed mainly from [[Wikipedia:Buhddism|Buhddism]] and [[Wikipedia:Methodism|Methodism]], the latter being the religion Lucas was brought up in. George Lucas also saw Methodism to be the same as [[Wikipedia:Christianity|Christianity]], [[Wikipedia:Islam|Islam]], and [[Wikipedia:Judaism|Judaism]]<ref name="Happiness interview">{{Youtube|video=2TdGd0MlmvI|text=George Lucas: Project Happiness Interview|channel=channel/UCOLrMxi9peCxmLA2qBUKK5w|channelname=Mount Madonna School Values in World Thought|archiveurl=https://archive.is/EPS3v}}</ref>&mdash;their differences are simply artificial and ultimately superficial contructs; humans distorted their core belief in the Force into different religions for the sake of preserving the existence of their own society.<ref name="Charlie Rose full" />

Crucially, George Lucas refined his modern fairy tale with the works of<ref name="Campbell banquet">{{Youtube|video=bSyyqctan2c|text=Where the Star Wars Myths came from.|channel=channel/UCvcGLfMMVEU8hyCTo0SMc0w|channelname=WastedGeek|archivedate=20180227103014}}</ref> comparitive mythologist [[Wikipedia:Joseph Campbell|Joseph Campbell]].<ref name="Bill Bradley" /> After nearly dying in a car crash, George Lucas entered a period of self-reflection that led him to the discovery of Campbell.<ref name="SWG Series 3">{{Topps|set=1995 Topps Star Wars Galaxy Series 3}}</ref> Subsequent to attending an anthropology class by Campbell in college and studying his works, Lucas became interested in mythology because through it, as a form of what he calls "psychological archaeology," he could understand human actions and the psychological underpinnings of what people were thinking&mdash;what they feared, what they felt about their parents&mdash;their psyche. In studying Campbell, George Lucas made efforts to take the psychological motifs from mythology from across the world and condense them into ''Star Wars'', with his films taking ideas that resonate through "all societies" and "through all the ages" as a result. With Joseph Campbell's seminal publication, [[Wikipedia:The Hero with a Thousand Faces|''The Hero with a Thousand Faces'']], Lucas incorporated archetypal characters and the [[Wikipedia:Hero's journey|monomyth]] structure to ''Star Wars'' in the aim of bringing the core of humanity to the fore of the modern world using a "modern fairy tale"&mdash;his new form of mythology. Joseph Campbell later became a close acquaintance of Lucas' after the release of his first ''Star Wars'' films. and the filmmaker regarded the mythologist as his "Yoda," his mentor figure.<ref name="Mythic Discovery I">{{SW|url=news/mythic-discovery-within-the-inner-reaches-of-outer-space-joseph-campbell-meets-george-lucas-part-i|text=Mythic Discovery: Revisiting the Meeting between George Lucas and Joseph Campbell}}</ref>

George Lucas was also inspired by the mythology of his childhood, including the [[Wikipedia:Western (genre)|Western]] genre of films as well as [[Wikipedia:Alex Raymond|Alex Raymond's]] [[Wikipedia:Flash Gordon|''Flash Gordon'']] Saturday night television series.<ref name="EmpireOfDreams">''[[Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy]]''</ref> [[Wikipedia:Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa's]] films, to which Lucas was exposed to in [[Wikipedia:USC School of Cinematic Arts|film school]], served as key inspiration for the ''Star Wars'' films as well.<ref name="Kurosawa">{{Youtube|video=TEJ6CzG9zVc|text=George Lucas on "The Hidden Fortress"|channel=channel/UCWT-jSWB_o8_Q_N-ksGJwpA|channelname=filmSCHOOLarchive|archivedate=20201107020124}}</ref> The short film [[Wikipedia:21-87|''21-87'']], a commentary on a machine-dominated society directed by [[Wikipedia:Arthur Lipsett|Arthur Lipsett]],<ref name="Lipsett">{{Youtube|video=7-tMhRKS9Jo|text=21-87|channel=channel/UCeihXBww7ckKsKDF3JX13gA|channelname=NFB|archivedate=20210112211236}}</ref> inspired [[George Lucas]] to make the film [[Wikipedia:THX-1138|''THX-1138'']].<ref name="SWTwitter">{{Twitter|starwars|status/1248749462773612545|''[[Star Wars]]''|archivedate=20210504201436}}</ref> ''21-87'' explores happiness and the relation of humans with reality,<ref name="Lipsett" /> and was referenced in the form of [[Cell 21-87]] in Lucas' first ''Star Wars'' film, ''A New Hope''.<ref name="ANH" />

====Teachings of Joseph Campbell====
Mythology, as defined by Campbell, is humanity's metaphor for the transcendent; for eternity; for God&mdash;a greater power ungraspable by humans. Referencing the [[Wikipedia:Hinduism|Hindu]]<ref name="Power of Myth 2">{{Youtube|video=bqE1dwDvNZw|text=The Power of Myth: The Message of the Myth (Episode 2)|channel=channel/UCP_N_C3LpjctLc5ndWT8CFA|channelname=Zen Lokamaya|archivedate=20200917163623}}</ref> [[Wikipedia:Trimurti|trimurti]] [[Wikipedia:Sadasiva|Sadashiva]]<ref name="Elephanta Island, Britannica">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Elephanta-Island|title=Elephanta Island|date=2019-11-21|work=[[Wikipedia:Encyclopædia Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']]|archivedate=20200917171650}}</ref> sculpture of the [[Wikipedia:Elephanta Caves|Elephanta Caves]], Campbell states that one enters a field of opposites whenever one moves out of the transcendent, that all things in the field of time is dual. The mythologist lists the opposites past and future, dead and alive, male and female, good and evil, and light and dark as examples of the dichotomous nature of reality as perceived by humanity. However, Joseph Campbell said that most humans put their minds on the side they saw as good, and that one of the problems of life is to live in the realization of the terms good and evil; for one to know the center and for one to know that the two dichotomous terms are simply temporal apparitions. Campbell saw that man's mythology is based on the inside of duality, leading to religions having a tendency to be ethical&mdash;sin and atonement, right and wrong. The Bible draws a distinction between God and nature, pitting nature against man and differentiating man from God. The condemnation of nature, Campbell observed, originates from [[Wikipedia:Zoroaster|Zarathustra's]] time and is shared by Islam, yet it is not shared by [[Wikipedia:Shinto|Shinto]], basic Hinduism, or Buddhism.<ref name="Power of Myth 2" /> Philosopher [[Wikipedia:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]] records his personal characterization of Zarathustra in his novel [[Wikipedia:Thus Spoke Zarathustra|''Thus Spoke Zarathustra'']], where he posits the [[Wikipedia:Übermensch|Übermensch]] as a goal for humanity, the [[Wikipedia:Eternal return|eternal recurrence]] through space and time<ref name="Zarathustra">[[Wikipedia:Thus Spoke Zarathustra|''Thus Spake Zarathustra'']]</ref>&mdash;which is echoed by the rhyming, recurring motifs in the course of events in ''Star Wars''<ref name="TPM" /><ref name="ANH">{{Film|IV}}</ref><ref name="ROTJ">{{Film|VI}}</ref>&mdash;and criticizes the dichotomous morality of good and evil.<ref name="Zarathustra" /> The Japanese culture of being in harmony with nature fascinated Campbell,<ref name="Power of Myth 2" /> and acting on instinct and being one with one's instincts, with nature, with the present, with the [[Living Force]], is taught by [[Jar Jar Binks]] and subsequently the [[Jedi]] [[Qui-Gon Jinn]],<ref name="TPM">{{Film|I}}</ref> as well as Jinn's students [[Obi-Wan Kenobi]]<ref name="ANH" /> and [[Yoda]].<ref name="ESB" /> The protagonists of ''Star Wars'' and their associated locations are dressed in natural colors of green and brown, while the antagonists and their associated locations are dressed in the mechanical black and white, with hints of red that George Lucas associates with evil. Through color, Lucas thus created a rigid world of absolutes for the antagonists as opposed to the natural world the protagonists live in.<ref name="HTW-SW">{{Youtube|video=vqnjzVX8EKA|text=How to Watch Star Wars, Part One: The Prequels Are Better Movies Than You Deserve|channel=channel/UCgpmjsoKH3eEKz8z45gTbxQ|channelname=Rick Worley|archivedate=20200107035708}}</ref>

===Love, life, and letting go===
{{Quote|The core thing to pass on is, you know, in talking about religion, is, you know, all religions say one thing&mdash;basically&mdash;which is love is the secret to the universe, which is compassion, which is love others, take care of others, help each other.|George Lucas|<ref name="Happiness interview" />}}
George Lucas explained one of the the core values of ''Star Wars'', one of the problems of the struggle in ''Star Wars'', is about passion against compassion; which is greed against giving and letting go.<ref name="Happiness interview" /> Compassion is defined by Lucas as joy, an everlasting emotion attained from being selfless<ref name="Happiness speech">{{Youtube|video=sCP2SGTIz28|text=George Lucas' Advice|channel=channel/UCGiByAxbLt1wzYlC2Dv6ZEw|channelname=Colorado Flier|archiveurl=https://archive.is/YsHRf}}</ref>&mdash;the [[light side of the Force]]<ref name="GL Force">''[[Star Wars: The Complete Saga]]'' (Star Wars Episode V: George Lucas On The Force)</ref>&mdash;and is one of two components of happiness.<ref name="Happiness speech" /> Compassion is love, the core of all religions and spiritual traditions, and the Force is the amalgamation of the essence of all such beliefs. All humans have a compassionate side and a selfish side, asserts Lucas, and the main idea is to keep the two in balance by recognizing their coexistance, reject the dominance of selfishness, and be compassionate in order for a person to do good things.<ref name="Bill Bradley" /> In the legal, financial, and political systems of the American society, Lucas sees that they are based on a flawed, "winner-take-all" culture that arose from a "cave-man" mentality. Instead, Lucas wants a society based on compassion, where every person in society is cared for and everything is done for the best of all of society.<ref name="Ideal society">{{Youtube|video=Ps8DDjjSRxQ|text=George Lucas details his ideal society|channel=channel/UC8p1vwvWtl6T73JiExfWs1g|channelname=CBS News|archivedate=20201005224214}}</ref> [[Anakin Skywalker]] lusted for power over all life and thus became evil in his greed&mdash;inability to let go of the inevitable [[death]] of [[Padmé Amidala|his lover]].<ref name="Making of ROTS" /> As said through Lucas' works, death is a natural part of life,<ref name="ROTS">{{Film|III}}</ref> and that which maintains the harmonious, symbiotic relationship between all life and [[Cosmic Force|reality]]&mdash;the Force.<ref name="Destiny">{{TCW|Destiny (episode)|Destiny}}</ref> Skywalker violates the natural order of the Force in choosing to pursue [[immortality]], becoming consumed by his own hatred and selfishness, the dark side.<ref name="ROTS" /> The son, [[Luke Skywalker]], later [[Battle of Endor|confronts]] the father, who pities the self-sacrifice of Luke in affirming his stance as a [[Jedi]] in service to the Force and [[the galaxy]] and atones for his sins by letting go of himself<ref name="ROTJ" /> to fulfill the will of the Force and bring balance to it.<ref name="TPM" />

==Filmography==
===Feature films===
{| {{Prettytable}} cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Title !! Released !! Role(s)
|-
|{{Film|IV}}
|[[1977]]
|director, story, writer, exec. producer
|-
|{{Film|V}}
|[[1980]]
|story, uncredited co-writer,<ref name="The Making of The Empire Strikes Back">''[[The Making of The Empire Strikes Back]]''</ref> exec. producer, uncredited co-director
|-
|{{Film|VI}}
|[[1983]]
|exec. producer, story, co-writer, uncredited co-director
|-
|{{Film|I}}
|[[1999]]
|director, story, writer, exec. producer
|-
|{{Film|II}}
|[[2002]]
|director, story, co-writer, exec. producer
|-
|{{Film|III}}
|[[2005]]
|director, story, writer, exec. producer, cameo as Baron [[Notluwiski Papanoida|Papanoida]]
|-
|[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)|''Star Wars: The Clone Wars'']]
|[[2008]]
|exec. producer
|}

===Television===
{| {{Prettytable}} cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Title !! Released !! Role(s)
|-
|''[[The Star Wars Holiday Special]]''
|[[1978]]
|story
|-
|''[[Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure]]''
|[[1984]]
|characters, story, exec. producer
|-
|[[Star Wars: Droids: The Adventures of R2-D2 and C-3PO|''Star Wars: Droids'']]
|[[1985]]&ndash;[[1986]]
|characters, exec. producer
|-
|[[Ewoks (TV series)|''Ewoks'']]
|[[1985]]&ndash;[[1987]]
|characters, exec. producer
|-
|''[[Ewoks: The Battle for Endor]]''
|[[1985]]
|characters, story, exec. producer
|-
|''[[Star Wars: Clone Wars]]''
|[[2003]]&ndash;[[2005]]
|characters, executive producer
|-
|''[[Robot Chicken: Star Wars]]''
|[[2007]]
|voice of himself
|-
|''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]''
|[[2008]]&ndash;[[2020]]
|executive producer
|-
|''[[Star Wars: Underworld]]''
|TBA
|characters, exec. producer
|-
|[[Star Wars Detours|''Star Wars: Detours'']]
|TBA
|characters
|}

==Bibliography==
{|{{Prettytable}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Title !! Released !! Role(s)
|-
|[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (novel)|''Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope'' novelization]]
|[[1976]]
|credited writer{{Fact}}
|-
|''[[Splinter of the Mind's Eye]]''
|[[1978]]
|[[Wikipedia:Foreword|foreword]] to 1996 reprint
|-
|''[[Star Wars: The New Jedi Order]]'' series
|[[1999]]&ndash;[[2003]]
|approved story
|-
|[[Shatterpoint (novel)|''Shatterpoint'']]
|2003
|prologue to paperback edition
|}

Lucas also served as a producer on the video game [[Star Wars: The Force Unleashed (video game)|''Star Wars: The Force Unleashed'']], and many Expanded Universe and fan productions have one form or another of the credit "Special thanks to George Lucas."

==Appearances in ''Star Wars''==
In addition to his cameo role as [[Baron]] [[Notluwiski Papanoida|Papanoida]], Lucas has made two [[Star Wars Legends|Expanded Universe]] appearances. His name was modified for [[Egroeg Sacul]], a character paged on the [[Star Tours (real-world)|''Star Tours'']] ride, and his likeness was used for a 2002 limited-edition action figure of a character called [[Jorg Sacul]]; Sacul was the first of several Lucas action figres, including two 2006 figures (a stormtrooper from The Saga Collections and Papanoida as part of The Lucas Collection), and a 2021 figure.<ref>{{SW|url=news/george-lucas-star-wars-the-black-series|text=George Lucas — Yes, George Lucas! — Joins Hasbro's Black Series}}</ref>

Lucas also appears in the [[X-Wing Rogue Squadron 7|third part]] of the ''[[Star Wars: X-Wing Rogue Squadron: The Phantom Affair]]'' comic.

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*{{SW|url=news/swca-2022-star-wars-visions-panel|text=SWCA 2022: 6 Highlights from the ''Star Wars: Visions'' Panel}}
*{{SWYoutube|GjUaNXQ63ps|Anthony Daniels takes the stage at SWCA 2022 &#124; Star Wars Celebration LIVE!|archivedate=20220602230011}}
*{{SWYoutube|sYN9mXiskBc|Looking Back on the Series &#124; Obi-Wan Kenobi &#124; Disney+|archivedate=20220630193513}}
*{{ILMVFXYoutube|DM_XwzOK_98|Light & Magic &#124; Official Trailer &#124; Disney+|archivedate=20220707161928}}
*{{SW|url=news/light-and-magic-trailer|text=''Light & Magic'' Trailer, Official Poster Debut}}
*{{ILM|url=press-release-light-and-magic|text=DISNEY+ RELEASES TRAILER AND KEY ART FOR LUCASFILM AND IMAGINE DOCUMENTARIES' "LIGHT & MAGIC"|archivedate=20220709203111}}
*{{SWYoutube|5MmJiU_fiA4|Obi-Wan Kenobi Dark Side Props, Emmy Nominations, and More!|archivedate=20220714195237}}
*{{SW|url=news/light-magic-is-here|text=''Light & Magic'' Is Here!}}
}}

==Notes and references==
{{Scroll_box|{{Reflist}}}}

==External links==
*{{WP}}
*{{Imdb|url=name/nm0000184}}
*{{Lucasfilm|url=inside/bio/georgelucas.html|text=George Lucas|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122055957/http://www.lucasfilm.com/inside/bio/georgelucas.html}}
*[http://www.glef.org Edutopia, The George Lucas Educational Foundation]

{{Interlang
|bg=Джордж Лукас
|cs=George Lucas
|da=George Lucas
|de=George Lucas
|el=Τζορτζ Λούκας
|es=George Lucas
|fr=George Lucas
|hu=George Lucas
|it=George Lucas
|ja=ジョージ・ルーカス
|ka=ჯორჯ ლუკასი
|ko=조지 루카스
|nl=George Lucas
|no=George Lucas
|pl=George Lucas
|pt=George Lucas
|ru=Джордж Лукас
|sl=George Lucas
|tr=George Lucas
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucas, George}}
[[Category:Directors]]
[[Category:Movie screenwriters]]
[[Category:Producers]]
[[Category:Star Wars voice actors]]
[[Category:Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith actors]]
[[Category:TV screenwriters]]